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句子多样性(sentencevariety)是雅思写作的一个考察重点，与雅思写作评分标准中的“语法多样性与准确性”(Grammatical Range and Accuracy)密切相关。为了能让大家的作文更加出彩，接下来小编就给大家介绍分词的运用!
作为英语中非常重要的一个语法现象，现在分词(-ing)和过去分词(-ed)是进步句式多样性的一大利器，但同时也是学习中的一个难点和易错点。
1. 现在分词 vs. 定语从句
在写作中，现在分词短语常常可以用来替换句中的定语从句，使句子结构更精简，形成多样化的句式。
现在分词既可修饰人，也可修饰物，被修饰的成分可以是主语、宾语或其他名词性质的成分。如：
(a) Thenumber of international students coming to western countries increased greatlyin recent years. 近几年，赴西方国家的留学生数量大幅增加。
→ The number of international students who came to western countries increased greatly in recent years。
(b) Thisis a tourist book giving information about the dos and don'ts one should knowwhen they travel to South East Asia. 这是一本介绍东南亚旅游须知的导游书。
→ This is a tourist book that gives information about the dos anddon'ts one should know when they travel to South East Asia。
(c) Anew stadium coveringan area of 10 square kilometres will be built in the north of thecity. 城市北侧将兴建一座占地10平方千米的体育场。
→ A new stadium which covers an area of 10 square kilometreswill be built in the north of the city。
(d) Therewere over 1000 students studying fashion designing in this college. 这所大学里有一千多名学习时装设计的学生。
→ There were over 1000 students who are studying fashion designing in thiscollege。
(e) Onecan hardly imagine the number of bacteria growing insidea refrigerator. 人们很难想象冰箱里滋生的细菌的数量。
→ One can hardly imagine the number of bacteria that are growing inside arefrigerator。
【注】现在分词作定语成分时，它所对应的定语从句的谓语可以是一个一般时态的动词，如句(a)(b)(c)，也可以是一个进行时态的动词，如句(e)(f)。
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